NIGERIA COUNTRY OF WESTERN AFRICA

                               Nigeria

01.     About Nigeria

02.     Nigeria President  

03.     Nigeria Capital City

04.     Nigeria Currency

05.     Geography of Nigeria

06.     Nigeria Climate 

07.     Nigeria Population

08.     Nigeria Culture 

09.     Nigeria Map

10.     Nigeria Flag

11.      Nigeria History

01. About Nigeria

          Nigeria, Country located on the western coast of Africa. Nigeria has a diverse geography, with climates ranging from arid to humid equatorial. However, Nigeria's most diverse feature is its people. Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including Yoruba, Lgbo, Fula, Hausa, Edo, Ibibio, Tiv, And English. The countries has abundant natural resources, notable large deposits of petroleum and natural gas. 

     The national capital is Abuja, In the Federal Capital Territory, which was created by decree in 1976. Lagos, the former capital, retains its standing as the country's leading commercial and industrial city. 

Modern Nigeria dates from 1914, when the British Protectorates of Northern And Southern Nigeria were joined. The Country became independent on October 1, 1960, and in 1963 adopted a republican constitution but elected to stay a member of the Commonwealth. 

02. Nigeria President 

        Bola Tinubu is the 16th and current president of Nigeria, having assumed office on 29 May 2023. And first president of Nigeria is Nnamdi Azikiwe From 1963 to 1966. He was considered a driving force behind the nation's independence and earned the title "father of Nigerian nationalism.

       List of Nigerian President Below. 

	Names of President         Year
1.	Abubakar Tafawa Balewa	1960-1963
2.	Nnamdi Azikwe	1963-1966
3.	Johnson Aguiyi Ironsi	1966
4.	Yakubu Gowon	1966-1975
5.	Murtala Rufai Mohammed	1975-1976
6.	Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo	1976-1979
7.	Alhaji Shehu Shagari	1979-1983
8.	Muhammadu Buhari	1983-1985
9.	Ibrahim Babangida	1985-1993
10.	Ernest Adegunle Shonekan	1993
11.	Sani Abacha	1993-1998
12.	Abdulsalami Abubakar	1998-1999
13.	Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo	1999-2007
14.	Umaru Musa Yar’Adua	2007-2010
15.	Goodluck Ebele Jonathan	2010-2015
16.	Muhammadu Buhari	2015 till date
17.	Bola Ahmed Tinubu	From Many 29th 2023

03. Nigeria Capital City

         Abuja is the Capital City of Nigeria. It lies in the central part of Nigeria, in the Federal Capital Territory. The city is approximately 300 miles northeast of Lagos, the former capital (until 1991). During the 1980s the new capital city was buuilt and developed on the grass-covered Chukuku Hills. 

          

        The site was chosen for Nigeria’s new capital because of its central location, easy accessibility, salubrious climate, and low population density and the availability of land for future expansion. It was the first planned city to be built in Nigeria. Abuja lies at 1,180 feet (360 metres) above sea level and has a cooler climate and less humidity than is found in Lagos. The city’s Central Area contains the city hall, national cultural institutes, and other government-related offices. It also contains the Three Arms Zone, which is home to the presidential palace, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court, the National Arboretum, the National Christian Centre, the National Mosque, and Millennium Park, the largest park in Abuja; the National Children’s Park and Zoo is nearby. Other areas provide housing, shopping facilities, and other urban amenities. The National Stadium, a large multisport arena, is located on the western edge of the Central Area. Abuja has an international airport, and expressways connect the federal capital with other cities. Power lines and underground cables conduct electricity to the city; the Shiroro Dam, on the Niger River southwest of Abuja, is one source. 

04. Nigeria Currency 

           Nigeria Currency is Nigerian naira. It sing is ₦.  The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is the sole issuer of legal tender money throughout the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It controls the volume of money supplied in the economy in order to ensure monetary and price stability. The Currency Operations Department of the CBN is in charge of currency management, through the designs, procurement, distribution and supply, processing, reissue and disposal or disintegration of bank notes and coins.

A major cash crunch occurred in February 2023 when the Nigerian government used a currency note changeover—delivering too few of the new notes into circulation—to attempt to force citizens to use a newly-created government-sponsored central bank digital currency. This led to extensive street protests

05. Geography of Nigeria

           Nigeria is located in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea and has a total area of 923,768 km²  making it the world's 32nd largest country. Its borders span 4,047 kilometres, and it shares borders with Benin (773 km or 480 mi), niger (1,497 km or 930 mi), Chad (87 km or 54 mi), and cameroon (including the separatist Ambazonia) 1,690 km or 1,050 mi. Its coastline is at least 853 km (530 mi). Nigeria lies between latitudes 4° and 14° N, and longitudes 2° and 15° E. The highest point in Nigeria is Chappal Waddi at 2,419 m (7,936 ft). The main rivers are the niger and the benue, which converge and empty int the Niger Delta. This is one of the word's largest river deltas and the location of a large area of Central African mangroves. 

            Nigeris's most expansive topographical region is that of the valleys of the Niger and Benue river valleys (which merge and a Y-Shape). To the Southwest of the Niger is a "rugged" highland. To the southest of the Benue are hills and mountains, which from the Mambills platesu, The highest plateau in Nigeira. This palteau extends through the border with Cameroon, where the montane land is part of the Bamenda highlands of Cameroon. 

06. Nigeria Climate

           The Climate of nigeria is mostly tropical. Nigeria has three distinct Climatic Zones, two seasons, and an average temperature ranging between 21°C And 35 °C. Two major elements determine the temperature in Nigeria. the altitude of the sun and the atmosphere's transparency (as determined by the dual interplay of rainfall and humidity). Its rainfall is mediated by three distinct conditions including convectional, frontal, and orographically determinants. Statistics from the Word Bank Group showed Nigeia's annual temperature and rainfall variations, the nation's highest average annual mean temperatures was 28.1 °C in 1938, while its wettest year was 1957 with an annual mean rainfall of 1,441.45 mm. 

           The climate has a significant impact on the country's agriculture, economy, and society. The rainy season is the most important time for agriculture, as it is the time when most crops are panted and harvested. The Dry season is a time of drought, which can lead to water shortages and crop failures. The high tempertures and humidity can also be uncomfortable and can lead to health problems. Nigeia's climate is influenced by its geographical location, topography, and interactions of various air masses. Nigeria is situated in West Africa, between latitudes 4 °N and 14 °N, and longitudes 2° E and 14 ° E. It experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. 

07.  Nigeria Population

       The United Nations estimates that the population of Nigeria in October 2023 as was at 225,571,081 of the latest Data. Distributed as 53.9 % urban and 46.10% rural and with a population density of 246 people per square Kilometer. The Median age in Nigeria is 17.2 years. 

        

08.  Nigeria Culture 

       The Culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The country has 527 languages, seven of which are extinct. Nigeria also has over 1150 dialects and ethnic groups. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausas that are predominantly in the north, the Yorubas who predominate in the southwest, and the lgbos in the southeast. There are many other ethnic groups with sizeable populations across the different parts of the country. The Kanuri people are located in the northeast part of Nigeria, the Tiv people of north central and the Efik-lbibio are in the south. The Bini People are most frequent in the region between Yorubaland and lgboland.

       Nigeria's other ethnic groups, sometimes called minorities', are found throughout the country but especially in the north and the middle belt. The traditionally nomadic Fulani can be found all over West and Central Africa. The Fulani and the Husa are almost entirely Muslim, while the lgbo are almost completely Chiristian and so are the Bini and the lbibio.  The Yoruba are predominantly Muslim with a significant Christian presence and a much smaller portion of traditionalists. The Yoruba make up about 21 % of the Country's population -  estimated to be over 225 million - and the Yoruba are predominantly Muslim, with a notable Christian minority and a smaller presence of traditionalists. 

 

09.  Nigeria MAP

          

10.  Nigeria Flag

11.  Nigeria History

        The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose remains date from at least 13,000 BC through early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known as Nigeria, such as the kingdom of Nri, the Benin empire, and the Oyo Empire. Islam reached Nigeria through the Bornu empire between and Hausa States around during the 11th century, whicle Christianity came to nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin monks from Portugal to the Kindom of Warri. The Songhai Empire also occupied part of the region. From the 15th Century, European slave traders arrived in the region to purchase enslaved Africans as part of the Atlantic slave trade, which started in the region of modern-day Nigeria; the first Nigerian port used by European slave traders was Badagry, a coastal harbour. Local merchants provided them with slaves, escalating conflicts among the ethnic group in the region and disrupting older trade patterns through the Trans-Saharan route. 

               Lagos was occupied by British forces in 1851 and formally annexed by Britain in year 1865. Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901. The period of British rule lasted until 1960 when an independence movement led to the country being granted independence. Nigeria first became a republic in 1963, but succumbed to military rule after a bloody coup d'etat in 1966. A separatist movement later formed the Republic of Biafra in 1967, leading to the three-year Nigerian Civil War. Nigeria became a republic again after a new constitution was written inn 1979. however, the republic was short-lived, as the military seized power again inn 1983 and later ruled for ten years.          

          

#Nigeria Country History